عصبات کی میراث کا بیان
راوی:
بَاب مِيرَاثِ وِلَايَةِ الْعَصَبَةِ قَالَ مَالِك الْأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا الَّذِي لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهِ وَالَّذِي أَدْرَكْتُ عَلَيْهِ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ بِبَلَدِنَا فِي وِلَايَةِ الْعَصَبَةِ أَنَّ الْأَخَ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ أَوْلَى بِالْمِيرَاثِ مِنْ الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأَخُ لِلْأَبِ أَوْلَى بِالْمِيرَاثِ مِنْ بَنِي الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ وَبَنُو الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ أَوْلَى مِنْ بَنِي الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ وَبَنُو الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ أَوْلَى مِنْ بَنِي ابْنِ الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ وَبَنُو ابْنِ الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ أَوْلَى مِنْ الْعَمِّ أَخِي الْأَبِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ وَالْعَمُّ أَخُو الْأَبِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ أَوْلَى مِنْ الْعَمِّ أَخِي الْأَبِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْعَمُّ أَخُو الْأَبِ لِلْأَبِ أَوْلَى مِنْ بَنِي الْعَمِّ أَخِي الْأَبِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ وَابْنُ الْعَمِّ لِلْأَبِ أَوْلَى مِنْ عَمِّ الْأَبِ أَخِي أَبِي الْأَبِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ قَالَ مَالِك وَكُلُّ شَيْءٍ سُئِلْتَ عَنْهُ مِنْ مِيرَاثِ الْعَصَبَةِ فَإِنَّهُ عَلَى نَحْوِ هَذَا انْسُبْ الْمُتَوَفَّى وَمَنْ يُنَازِعُ فِي وِلَايَتِهِ مِنْ عَصَبَتِهِ فَإِنْ وَجَدْتَ أَحَدًا مِنْهُمْ يَلْقَى الْمُتَوَفَّى إِلَى أَبٍ لَا يَلْقَاهُ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ إِلَى أَبٍ دُونَهُ فَاجْعَلْ مِيرَاثَهُ لِلَّذِي يَلْقَاهُ إِلَى الْأَبِ الْأَدْنَى دُونَ مَنْ يَلْقَاهُ إِلَى فَوْقِ ذَلِكَ فَإِنْ وَجَدْتَهُمْ كُلَّهُمْ يَلْقَوْنَهُ إِلَى أَبٍ وَاحِدٍ يَجْمَعُهُمْ جَمِيعًا فَانْظُرْ أَقْعَدَهُمْ فِي النَّسَبِ فَإِنْ كَانَ ابْنَ أَبٍ فَقَطْ فَاجْعَلْ الْمِيرَاثَ لَهُ دُونَ الْأَطْرَافِ وَإِنْ كَانَ ابْنَ أَبٍ وَأُمٍّ وَإِنْ وَجَدْتَهُمْ مُسْتَوِينَ يَنْتَسِبُونَ مِنْ عَدَدِ الْآبَاءِ إِلَى عَدَدٍ وَاحِدٍ حَتَّى يَلْقَوْا نَسَبَ الْمُتَوَفَّى جَمِيعًا وَكَانُوا كُلُّهُمْ جَمِيعًا بَنِي أَبٍ أَوْ بَنِي أَبٍ وَأُمٍّ فَاجْعَلْ الْمِيرَاثَ بَيْنَهُمْ سَوَاءً وَإِنْ كَانَ وَالِدُ بَعْضِهِمْ أَخَا وَالِدِ الْمُتَوَفَّى لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ وَكَانَ مَنْ سِوَاهُ مِنْهُمْ إِنَّمَا هُوَ أَخُو أَبِي الْمُتَوَفَّى لِأَبِيهِ فَقَطْ فَإِنَّ الْمِيرَاثَ لِبَنِي أَخِي الْمُتَوَفَّى لِأَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ دُونَ بَنِي الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى قَالَ وَأُولُوا الْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ قَالَ مَالِك وَالْجَدُّ أَبُو الْأَبِ أَوْلَى مِنْ بَنِي الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ وَأَوْلَى مِنْ الْعَمِّ أَخِي الْأَبِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ بِالْمِيرَاثِ وَابْنُ الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ أَوْلَى مِنْ الْجَدِّ بِوَلَاءِ الْمَوَالِي
کہا مالک نے ہمارے نزدیک اس امر میں کچھ اختلاف نہیں ہے اور ہم نے اپنے شہر والوں کو اسی پر پایا کہ سگا بھائی مقدم ہے سوتیلے بھائی کا بیٹا مقدم ہے سگے بھائی کے پوتے اور سوتیلے بھائی کا بیٹا مقدم ہے سگے چچاپر اور سگا چچا مقدم ہے سوتیلے چچاپر (جو باپ کا سوتیلا بھائی ہو) اور سوتیلا چچاسگے چچا کے بیٹوں پر مقدم ہے اور سوتیلے چچا کے بیٹے باپ کے چچاپر مقدم ہیں (جو دادا کا سگا بھائی ہو)
کہا مالک نے دادا بھتیجوں سے مقدم ہے اور چچاسے بھی مقدم ہے اور بھتیجاسگے بھائی کا بیٹاولاء لینے میں داداسے مقدم ہے۔
Malik said, "The generally agreed on way of doing things among us, in which there is no dispute, and which I saw the people of knowledge in our city doing, about paternal relations is that full brothers are more entitled to inherit than half-brothers by the father and half-brothers by the father are more entitled to inherit than the children of the full brothers. The sons of the full brothers are more entitled to inherit than the sons of the half-brothers by the father. The sons of the half-brothers by the father are more entitled to inherit than the sons of the sons of the full brothers. The sons of the sons of the half-brothers by the father's side are more entitled to inherit than the paternal uncle, the full brother of the father. The paternal uncle, the full brother of the father, is more entitled to inherit than the paternal uncle, the half-brotherof the father on the father's side. The paternal uncle, the half-brother of the father on the father's side is more entitled to inherit than the sons of the paternal uncle, the full brother of the father. The son of the paternal uncle on the father's side is more entitled to inherit than the paternal great uncle, the full brother of the paternal grandfather."
Malik said, "Everything about which you are questioned concerning the inheritance of the paternal relations is like this. Trace the genealogy of the deceased and whoever among the paternal relations contends for inheritance. If you find that one of them reaches the deceased by a father and none of them except him reaches him by a father, then make his inheritance to the one who reaches him by the nearest father, rather than the one who reaches him by what is above that. If you find that they all reach him by the same father who joins them, then see who is the nearest of kin. If there is only one half-brother by the father, give him the inheritance rather than more distant paternal relations. If there is a full brother and you find them equally related from a number of fathers or to one particular father so that they all reach the genealogy of the deceased and they are all half-brothers by the father or full brothers, then divide the inheritance equally among them. If the parent of one of them is an uncle (the full-brother of the father of the deceased) and whoever is with him is an uncle (the paternal half brother of the father of the deceased), the inheritance goes to the sons of the full brother of the father rather than the sons of the paternal half-brother of the father. That is because Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted, said, 'Those related by blood are nearer to one another in the Book of Allah, surely Allah has knowledge of everything.' "