فدیہ کے مختلف مسائل کا بیان
راوی:
قَالَ مَالِک فِيمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَلْبَسَ شَيْئًا مِنْ الثِّيَابِ الَّتِي لَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَلْبَسَهَا وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ أَوْ يُقَصِّرَ شَعَرَهُ أَوْ يَمَسَّ طِيبًا مِنْ غَيْرِ ضَرُورَةٍ لِيَسَارَةِ مُؤْنَةِ الْفِدْيَةِ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ ذَلِکَ وَإِنَّمَا أُرْخِصَ فِيهِ لِلضَّرُورَةِ وَعَلَی مَنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِکَ الْفِدْيَةُ
قَالَ مَالِک فِي الَّذِي يَجْهَلُ أَوْ يَنْسَی صِيَامَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ أَوْ يَمْرَضُ فِيهَا فَلَا يَصُومُهَا حَتَّی يَقْدَمَ بَلَدَهُ قَالَ لِيُهْدِ إِنْ وَجَدَ هَدْيًا وَإِلَّا فَلْيَصُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فِي أَهْلِهِ وَسَبْعَةً بَعْدَ ذَلِکَ
کہا مالک نے جو شخص چاہے ایسے کپڑے پہننا جو احرام میں درست نہیں ہیں یا بال کم کرنا چاہے یا خوشبو لگانا چاہے بغیر ضرورت کے فدیہ کو آسان سمجھ کر تو یہ جائز نہیں ہے بلکہ رخصت ضرورت کے وقت ہے جو کوئی ایسا کرے فدیہ دے ۔
کہا مالک نے جو شخص حج میں تین روزے رکھنا بھول جائے یا بیماری کی وجہ سے نہ رکھ سکے یہاں تک کہ اپنے شہر چلا جائے تو اس کو اگر ہدی کی قدرت ہو تو ہدی دے ورنہ تین روزے اپنے گھر میں رکھ کر پھر سات روزے رکھے۔
Malik said, concerning someone who wishes to wear clothes that a person in ihram must not wear, or cut his hair, or touch perfume without necessity, because he finds it easy to pay the compensation, "No-one must do such things. They are only allowed in cases of necessity, and compensation is owed by whoever does them."
Malik was asked whether the culprit could choose for himself the method of compensation he makes, and he was asked what kind of animal was to be sacrificed, and how much food was to be given, and how many days were to be fasted, and whether the person could delay any of these, or if they had to be done immediately. He answered, 'Whenever there are alternatives in the Book of Allah for the kaffara, the culprit can choose to do whichever of the alternatives he prefers. As for the sacrifice – a sheep, and as for the fasting – three days. As for the food – feeding six poor men, for every poor man two mudds, by the first mudd, the mudd of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace."
Malik said, "I have heard one of the people of knowledge saying, 'When a person in ihram throws something and hits game unintentionally and kills it, he must pay compensation. In the same way, someone outside the Haram who throws anything into the Haram and hits game he did not intend to, killing it, has to pay compensation, because the intentional and the mistaken are in the same position in this matter.' "
Malik said, concerning people who kill game together while they are muhrim or in the Haram, "I think that each one of them owes a full share. If a sacrificial animal is decided for them, each one of them owes one, and if fasting is decided for them, the full fasting is owed by each one of them. The analogy of that is a group of people who kill a man by mistake and the kaffara for that is that each person among them must free a slave or fast two consecutive months."
Malik said, "Anyone who stones or hunts game after stoning the jamra and shaving his head but before he has performed the tawaf al-ifada, owes compensation for that game, because Allah the Blessed, the Exalted said, 'And when you leave ihram, then hunt,' and restrictions still remain for someone who has not done the tawaf al-ifada about touching perfume and women."
Malik said, "The person in ihram does not owe anything for plants he cuts down in the Haram and it has not reached us that anyone has given a decision of anything for it, but O how wrong is what he has done! "